The Growth of Adr in Nigeria - 3736 Words

THE GROWTH OF ADR IN NIGERIA By Enenche Eleojo 1. INTRODUCTION As human beings, we are caught up daily in a complex web of social and commercial interactions. For as long as these interactions continue, interests are bound to clash. When interests clash or are in completion with the interest of others then we can say a dispute has arisen. For as long as humans exist there will be disputes. What makes the difference is how the disputes are resolved. Instinctively, once a dispute arises we access the justice system with the hope of getting some form of redress. Sometimes we get justice in record time but most times it comes long after the parties have not only become impoverished but also the cost of the litigation process may†¦show more content†¦This is where ADR comes in as a useful alternative to litigation or better still a supplement to it. ADR is useful in resolving virtually all genres of disputes by providing speedier, enforceable decisions through Arbitration, Mediation, Early Neutral Evaluation and other hybrid mechanisms. The presence of cost-effective and predictable ADR mechanisms capable of resolving complex disputes help to bolster the confidence of litigants within the country and therefore stimulates trade and investment both internationally and locally. 3. THE GROWTH OF ADR INSTITUTIONS IN NIGERIA AND WORKINGS OF A TYPICAL MULTI-DOOR COURTHOUSE Recent advances have to a large extent added impetus to the development of these forms of dispute resolution. The Abuja and Lagos Multi-Door Courthouses (AMDC amp; LMDC) for instance are breakthrough institutions in providing ADR services, and there is currently a bid to replicate the same system in all the states of the federation with Kano and Akwa- Ibom joining the elite league of judiciaries with court connected ADR centers. . The Multi – Door Courthouses maintain a panel of Neutrals made up of reputable professionals and retired judges trained for ADR proceedings. When a case comes to the center the parties are requested to submit their Statement of Issues – which is a summary of the main facts of their disputes. Upon receipt of their Statement of Issues the ADRShow MoreRelatedThe Nigerian Stock Market and Its Impact on the Economy9899 Words   |  40 PagesCHAPTER ONE OVERVIEW Nigeria, like many other African countries, was created from a multi-ethnic, socially and culturally diverse people, situated between the Equator and the tropic of cancer, its climate and vegetation can afford the growth of many tropical commodities such as cocoa, groundnuts, palm produce and rubber. Starting from a low technological base after political independence in 1960, the country embarked on the arduous task of building a state with one identity by integrating the differentRead MoreAn Investigation Of Foreign Direct Investment2904 Words   |  12 PagesSince the capital raising capacity in India is very less to take the Indian banking sector to worldwide we require investment from abroad. RBI should make such policies that FDI should not over ride the regulations of RBI and should result in the growth of Indian economy. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Portfolio Investment, Banking, Government and Investors. Mr.L.Kannan, Ph.D., Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Periyar University, Salem-636011. Introduction The Indian bankingRead MoreCase: the Accra Beach Hotel3599 Words   |  15 Pagesthe International Cricket Council: Argentina, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Canada, Cayman Islands, Denmark, Fiji, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Scotland, Singapore, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, United Arab. Emirates, United States of America and Zambia. II. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND SOLUTION RECOMMENDATIONS: A. Key Considerations There a several facts the manager ofRead MoreCase: the Accra Beach Hotel3593 Words   |  15 Pagesthe International Cricket Council: Argentina, Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Canada, Cayman Islands, Denmark, Fiji, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kenya, Kuwait, Malaysia, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Scotland, Singapore, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, United Arab. 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But bothRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 PagesGeneral Meeting Investor relations and Registrar Taxation information for shareholders Glossary of terms Index 192 200 203 207 208 208 208 210 211 212 Underlying sales growth excludes pandemic products, Avandia and Valtrex. See page 21. CER% represents growth at constant exchange rates. Sterling % or  £% represents growth at actual exchange rates. See page 21. The calculation of results before major restructuring is described in Note 1 to the ï ¬ nancial statements, ‘Presentation of the ï ¬ nancialRead MoreRise of Brics Economy and Its Impact on Global Stock Markets9547 Words   |  39 PagesLehman Brothers in 2008. The change in swift happened from G7 to G20 (group of world’s largest 20 economies) and this G20 comprises of these five nations from BRICS. Unlike 2009 the world economy is expected to have a positive growth in future, considered high economic growth by China and India than US. The world sees BRICS as the emerging economies and many enterprises has started moving out to these countries as they look promising. With China emerging as a superpower followed by India, BRICSRead MoreDabur Project9140 Words   |  37 Pagespopulation, particularly the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to makers of branded products to convert consumers to branded products. Growth is also likely to come from consumer upgrading in the matured product categories. FMCG Sector is expected to grow by over 60% by 2010. That will translate into an annual growth of 10% over a 5-year period. It has been estimated that FMCG sector will rise from around Rs 56,500 crores in 2005 to Rs 92,100 crores in 2010. Hair care, householdRead MoreAutomotive Industry Analysis in the Us13024 Words   |  53 Pagesof their status as stable international companies who have been in the automobile business for many years. Hyundai, Maruti Udyog, and Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp., based in Korea, India, and China, respectively, were chosen based on their growth potential and their status as relatively new to the industry. These ten companies are analyzed in terms of their market position, their financial situation, and their management strategy. Where useful, specific statistics have been incorporatedRead MoreProject Report on Fdi in India12690 Words   |  51 Pagesyears, however, companies have been able to make a foreign direct investment that is actually long-term management control as opposed to direct investment in buildings and equipment. FDI growth has been a key factor in the â€Å"international† nature of business that many are familiar with in the 21st century. This growth has been facilitated by changes in regulations both in the originating country and in the country where the new installation is to be built. Corporations from some of the countries that

Tea Of The Victorian Era - 913 Words

Tea in the Victorian Era Have you ever talked about tea before in your life, or ever heard about Tea? People don’t even think about having a cup of tea, people usually think about having a cup of coffee in the mornings. Today tea isn’t as important as it used to be back in the Victorian Era times. Tea was important to Victorian Era life because it was part of their everyday life. The history of tea is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over a thousand years. Tea was usually served with light sandwiches and broths usually in the afternoon. Tea was first discovered by a Chinese Emperor Shen Nong in 2737 BC. By the mid-18th century tea tax was rising, and that s why tea was being smuggled. If you were caught†¦show more content†¦Tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China. Tea came to England during the mid-1600s by King Charles the II and his wife Catherine of Braganza. It wasn’t until the mid 19th century that â€Å"Afternoon Tea † first appeared. It’s changed England because everyone is addicted to it, and it is a routine to have â€Å"Afternoon Tea†. The tea played a big part in the Victorian Era lives. The History of Tea is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over the span of a thousand years. How tea’s made/grown is important because you want to know how the tea you re drinking and making is grown. Tea in the Victorian Era Came to England king Charles the II and his wife. How tea changed England/Victorian England. And today people still enjoy the beverage, and people till talk ab out it like they did back and the old days. White Tea- you also drink White Tea you would use it for respect. After a long time the White Tea was traditional. Green Tea- Green tea was used for people to chew and eat, over time people started cooking and drinking it for their own good,they also started frying green tea. Oolong Tea- Oolong tea was made in cakes and it became royalty to the Victorian Era, the tea was widely spread throughout the Victorian Era. Black Tea- Black Tea came from China and was sent to England and when it reached them they made it a popular drink. Pu-erh Tea- Pu-erh Tea would/doesn’t spoil for a long time in the heat. The teaShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Play Pygmalion By George Bernard Shaw1600 Words   |  7 PagesTea time is more popular than ever in America today. Tea rooms are springing up everywhere. Fine hotels are once again promoting their new services and with Americans choosing a healthier life style, he late afternoon meal is much in style. Todays tea time is considerably different than during the Victorian Era. Many people do not talk face-to face with others anymore, instead using their phone. Tea time also known as afternoon tea, Victorian tea, high tea, and five-o clock tea, may be one ofRead MoreAlice s Adventures : A Satire1132 Words   |  5 Pagesseem like no big deal, but for the time period the book was published, these were anything but normal. This children’s book was first published in 1865 in the United Kingdom; during the Victorian time period, named after Queen Victoria. The book , Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland represents a satire on the Victorian Era and how people were expected to act, through which Carroll displays an overall theme of growing up. Throughout the book, Alice encounters several out-of-the-ordinary things. The creaturesRead MoreFood as an Important Symbol in the Importance of Being Earnest763 Words   |  4 Pagesessential motif /symbol of an act of working out problems. Set in the Victorian era the tea time custom is vastly a part of the play. From the very beginning where Algernon is questioned about the â€Å"cucumber sandwiches† he claims â€Å"I believe it is customary in good society to take some slight refreshment at five o’ clock.†This custom that became increasingly popular in Victorian England was the tradition of taking afternoon tea. This practice was displayed predominately by the upper class. FurtherRead MoreThe Importance Of Being Earnest By Oscar Wilde1750 Words   |  7 Pages The Hidden Symbols in The Importance of Being Earnest The Importance of Being Earnest written by Oscar Wilde takes place in 1895 and exposes the hypocritical social expectations of the end of the Victorian era. During the Victorian period, marriage was about protecting your resources and keeping socially unacceptable impulses under control. The play undeniable reveals and focuses satire around differences between the behaviors of the upper class and that of the lower class. Oscar Wilde uses comedicRead MoreAlice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll981 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough the Mad Hatter’s tea party, and the Queen of Hearts’ court. The connection with Marxism and this novel is how Queen Victoria ruled at the time this story was written, and few believe it reflects upon her times in Victorian England. In addition, the characters all play essential archetypes to portray their social standing and Alice is capable of proving this through her adventures when she changes heights in order to join and belong with each social or der. The Victorian era was the age of paradoxRead MoreWomen s Professions Of Victorian England945 Words   |  4 PagesDeidre Harris Mrs. Arnett English 1123 19 April 2017 â€Å"Women’s Professions in Victorian England† A women’s profession can define her character in society during the Victorian Era. Women are known for strong work ethic. Originally a woman supposed to take care the house hold while the man work. The Victorian society was based off three classes. The Upper Class, Middle Class, and the Working Class. The Upper Class hold the most power because they were given authority, the best living, and controlRead MoreEssay on The Victorian Era and The French Lieutenants Woman845 Words   |  4 PagesThe Victorian Era and The French Lieutenants Woman      Ã‚   The French Lieutenants Woman is a 1981 film of historical fiction, contrasting present day relationships, morality and industry with that of the Victorian era in the 1850s.   It is an adaptation of a novel by John Fowles, the script was written by Harold Pinter.    The setting is in England, Lyme and London specifically, where Charles, a Darwinian scientist is courting the daughter of a wealthy businessman.   The film depictsRead More Upper Class Victorian Homes Essay621 Words   |  3 PagesUpper Class Victorian Homes The Victorian era was a time of ornate decorum, and grandiose homes for the upper classes. Wealth was not to be concealed, but displayed in all aspects possible, most importantly in the home. The structure of an upper class home often had at least a few levels. The top and bottom floors, or basement and attic, generally reserved for the servants of the household. Food preparation, and laundry activities were common of the basements, whereas the attic often served asRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Alice s Adventures 1293 Words   |  6 Pagesnonsense to satirize Victorian era society, morality, and their sense of justice. One reason Carroll’s novel Alice in Wonderland remains in the hearts of both children and adults after so much time is due to Carroll’s keen ability to write both logic and nonsense. The middle of the nineteenth century was the height of a genre known as literary nonsense. Literary nonsense is a genre that blends some elements that make sense with elements that do not. Carroll superbly put the Victorian era’s love of riddlesRead MoreEssay on Victorian Era Ideologies1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian era which lasted during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, established the foundations of many social, cultural and moral ideologies in which many are present to this day. Everywhere you look you can almost always see something Victorian-inspired from floral patterned curtains to elegantly hand crafted candlesticks. When visualizing ‘The Victorian Era’ lavish balls, lace covered dresses, tea parties and fancy lifestyles come to mind. However, the Victorian era is much more

Strategic Planning Formulation and Execution

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Planning for Formulation and Execution. Answer: Introduction: Strategic Planning refers to a predefined plan made to anticipate future opportunities and threats to the organization. It also states the vision and mission behind the plan. It is important because it is a blueprint which will help in decision-making for all the different business units and the organization as a whole (Simerson, 2011). The benefits of strategic planning are that it increases the profitability, market share and goodwill of the organization. Managers get more clarity about what to do next. It will set a different identity than that of its competitors. It increases the job satisfaction of the employees. The more the employees will be satisfied the more will be their productivity. Therefore, they will make an effort together to achieve the organizational goals (Mitchell, 2007). Yes, strategic planning is one of the only sole responsibility of the senior management and leadership. The senior management has to take care that the plans are made very clear. They also monitor the implementation and constant improvement in the plans and policies when needed. Leadership is important to know the extent to which the authority and responsibility should be delegated. It is essential to put the right person in the right place. No, it is not the only sole responsibility of the senior management and leadership but it is one of them. They also have the responsibilities of the stakeholders who are the suppliers, customers, shareholders and employees of the organization. They are the ones who have their interest in the company and can affect or get affected by the plans, policies, decisions, activities and objectives of the organization (Freeman, 2010). From the above discussion it can be concluded that the strategic planning portrays the picture of a particular business unit and not the whole of it. Therefore, it is not the only duty of the senior management. As they need to keep their eye open for the proper functioning of the organization. References: Simerson, B, K. (2011). Strategic Planning: A Practical Guide to Strategy Formulation and Execution, ABC-CLIO, LLC, California, USA. Mitchell, H, M. (2007). The 7 Benefits of Strategic Planning. Viewed on 7th January2017 from: https://www.strategicmgmtresources.com/7benefits.html. Freeman, R, E. (2010). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA.

Persuasive Paper The Crucible Essay Essay Example

Persuasive Paper: The Crucible Essay Essay Introduction â€Å"Those who can non larn from history are doomed to reiterate it. The violent brushs of the past contain valuable lessons about deciding struggle. † We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Paper: The Crucible Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Paper: The Crucible Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Persuasive Paper: The Crucible Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The occurrences of the yesteryears are important to any events happening at any point in the present. From the cardinal political orientation that past playing as blocks. the actions. determinations and every take parting events that have occurred in the past predetermine the possibilities of the present. and finally the hereafter. In the film.The Crucible( 1953 ) written byArthur Miller. the correlativities of past events with the occurrences of the present are mostly illustrated. In different points of position. three alone angles of issues are considered the primary topics associating to the repeats of yesteryear and the failures of deciding the perennial struggle. For John Proctor. the nativeCapital of oregonhusbandman. he is confronted by the issues of matter with his old amah. and maltreatment issues with his current. Meanwhile. Abigail Williams. the niece of the Reverend. has experienced being confronted by her fondnesss and emotional fond regards that damaged one relationship ; nevertheless. after the incident in the yesteryear. it has now grown capable of damaging the community. Last. Elizabeth Proctor. the married woman of John Proctor. has been confronted by trust issues towards her hubby in the early parts of the film. which finally evolved in trust struggles that led to the doomed of her loved 1. Discussion Persuasive Arguments The three primary characters of the film are the best illustration of certain persons who fail to larn from their yesteryears and unconsciously reiterate the similar case. yet still stop up being trapped within its dens. In the narrative of crucible. the secret plan of has revolved in a latter medieval puting wherein a community happens to fall in the societal fright towards the distributing intelligence of witchery. It has been initiated by a group of locals headed by Abigail Williams who happened to bring on illness towards the girl of Reverend Samuel Parris. Betty Parris. In such event. the Reverend. being concerned to his repute than his ill girl. has initiated the broad hunt against the corruptnesss of these alleged enchantresss. The Hunt and legal tests have all revolved in the fraud use and prevarications brought by Abigail. which in the terminal corrupted assorted inexperienced persons of their community. including the twosome. John Proctor and Elizabeth. Get downing with John Proctor. his character in the film possesses the pride of being a Salem indigen and the attitude of a hard-working hubby. However. his yesteryear has revolved in the issue of holding an matter with his former amah. Abigail. Markedly in the act 1. Abigail tries to lure and convey back the events of her yesteryear with John Proctor. â€Å"I can non kip for dreamin’ ; I can non woolgather but I wake and walk about the house as though I’d find you comin’ through some door ( Act 1 ) . † However. John denies any attractive force towards her and points out that the issue of their matter should non come out to the populace. Such scenario illustrates the historical error of Proctor. peculiarly in mistreating his authorization towards his retainer. Hence. the yesteryear of Proctor is able to catch up to his present in latter part of the narrative. Abigail has brought the name of his married woman. Elizabeth. to the courtroom and branded her as one of the enchantresss. Meanwhile. prior to the incidents of his first error with Abigail. he is still unable to larn from the struggles produced by his maltreatment of authorization ; hence. he repeats the maltreatment of power towards his retainer Mary Warren. Due to John’s failure of recognizing the struggles brought by his history with Abigail. his brush with Mary has brought him within the walls when Mary branded him as the warlock who manipulated her ideas in order to falsely impeach the locals. In the terminal. since Proctor is non able to larn his lessons in mistreating his first retainer. the repeat of the history has brought him a more violent effect. which leads to his decease trail. Meanwhile. Abigail is besides confronted by the same incidents of reiterating history and the failure of groking the effects of her action. In the narrative. Abigail is considered the manipulative character able to lure the manhood of Proctor ; hence. taking to their illegal matter. After Elizabeth discovered the matter. she decides to direct out Abigail vacating her from her servitude. In defence to her soiled name and broken figure. she brags about Elizabeth’s dominative intervention towards her. However. due to the incident. Abigail has considerable ruined the matrimonial relationship between John and Elizabeth. particularly sing the position of Elizabeth’s trust towards her hubby after the incident. Despite of the problem she has implicated to the twosome. Abigail still pursues her aspiration of obtaining back Proctor. and in her preferable procedure. she has enticed the populace with her prevarications and accusals of witchery to assorted adult females within their community including Elizabeth. During the 2nd repeat of her struggle. Abigail now amendss the lives of assorted adult females in her community ( i. e. Mary Warren. Sarah Good. Goody Osborne ) . In the instance of the couple’s relationship. Abigail’s lies and temptation have caused farther quandary to both Elizabeth and John by holding them imprisoned and branded as enchantresss. Last. Elizabeth Proctor. being the faithful and loving married woman of John Proctor. has been confronted by her trust issues towards her hubby after detecting John’s matter with Abigail. In the Act II. Elizabeth has manifested her anxiousness and paranoia on the possible repeat of error that his hubby did with their former retainer. After the first incident. Elizabeth finds it difficult to swear her hubby and most of the clip suspects him of being with Abigail. Such struggle has foremost resulted to the statement of the twosome. However. during the 2nd clip Elizabeth’s trust to her hubby is tested in Act III. Elizabeth is non able to grok and swear the programs of his hubby. When John decides to asseverate the claims of his matter with Abigail in order to interrupt the clasp of Abigail to the courtroom. Elizabeth is asked to formalize the statements of her hubby ; nevertheless. due to the struggles of trust. and fright of staining the name and pride of Salem community and her hubby. she decides to deny the claims made by John. In this 2nd brush. the effects have led their relationship to farther shatter go forthing them both separated by prison walls and the accusals of witchery pattern made by Mary Warren against John Proctor and Abigail Williams against Elizabeth Proctor. Obviously in the film. the three characters have shown how history can reiterate itself and farther causes heightened impact during its 2nd happening. Since the lessons in their yesteryears have been neglected. the repeats of the struggles have placed their present in heavier effects. Personal Position From the latter analysis of the construct through the film –The Crucible. it is possible to reason the philosophical truth in the initial statement. â€Å"those who can non larn from history are doomed to reiterate it. † In fact. the calamities of the narrative have revolved in uninterrupted sequences of their function struggles. peculiarly ( 1 ) John Proctor’s failure of acknowledging his ill-treatment actions over his subsidiaries. ( 2 ) Abigail William’s failure to recognize the amendss she have been implicating towards the coupe and finally towards her community. and ( 3 ) Elizabeth Proctor’s trust issues towards her one time unfaithful hubby. Evidenced by the struggles and calamities of the narrative. the failure of really recognizing the determinations and activities that led to peculiar events possess greater possibility of happening in the hereafter. Even in existent life state of affairss. from larger positions of society to personal experiences. negative events in the past most of the clip occur in the present. particularly when the primary cause/s of the job is/are non determined. Learning from the events of the yesteryear is an indispensable preventative undertaking in order to avoid the possibility of reiterating the errors and incorrect determinations created in the yesteryear. Some of the celebrated events that illustrate insistent history due to the failure of sabotaging the triggers of these errors are ( 1 ) the events of World War I and its subsequence – World War II. ( 2 ) Racial Civil war of Blacks and Whites taking to broad factional stereotypes which should hold been resolved if the people in the past realized the indifferences merely of tegument and civilization. ( 3 ) the bombarding of Pearl seaport to the deathly Hiroshima Bombing which should hold been prevented if Nipponese realize that the purposes of the Pearl Harbor cantonment were non against the Nipponese state. Obviously. the statement. â€Å"the violent brushs of the past contain valuable lessons about deciding the struggle† . can be considered a factual justification back uping the initial sentence discussed in latter part. The occurrences of the present mostly depend on what has really occurred in the yesteryear ; hence. without recognizing the lesions. the possible causes of errors. the triggers of ruin. and the cardinal wrong of Acts of the Apostless in the yesteryear. the events of the past tend to reiterate itself. Clearly. every occurrence in the past provide important lessons. which can expose itself either straight or indirectly. and it is merely up to worlds to find these possible declarations. From the illustrations given in real-time scene. ( 1 ) World War II should hold been prevented if the Japanese learned the powers of United States ; ( 2 ) the Racial Civil war between Blacks and Whites should hold been prevented if White persons did supply equal intervention towards Black people and based their judgement in the rules of humanity – non in the colour of the tegument ; ( 3 ) Hiroshima Bombing should hold been prevented if Nipponese military personnels had non bombarded the pearl seaport base cantonments merely because of an premise of possible program of onslaught plotted within the cantonment. Obviously. declarations are presented every clip an incident or even when a simple result of determination occurs. From simple errors to larger range of amendss. declarations are ever born from determination that initiates an consequence. From three different positions. the characters of John Proctor. Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Proctor. have performed actions in the yesteryear. which finally hunted their present yearss.

In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example

In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Paper In my opinion Shylock has been presented as a victim but at times, he is made a villain because he has been treated so unequally that he has no other option besides applying the bond on Antonio. Society was very different 400 years ago. Shylock was living in the Elizabethan era, where anti-Semitism was very open. The majority of people at that time were Christians who were against Jews and treated them inhumane, because the Christians knew that it is the Jews who were responsible for the murder of Jesus Christ and they are still in the process of completely eliminating Christianity. Shylock was one of the many Jews who were subjected to brutality and insults throughout their lives. Shylock wasnt ever treated compassionately from the start, he wasnt considered as a human and we get to realise that when Shylock (in Act 3 Scene 1, Page 35, Line 54) asks Antonio: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jews eyes, hath not a Jews hands, organs dimensions, senses, affections, passions We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Antonio has subjected Shylock to insults and inequality all his life, one instance is at the beginning when in Act 1 Scene 3, Shylock reviews what Antonio has said to him: And spit upon my Jewish gabardine You call me a misbeliever, cut-throat dog Hath a dog money, is it possible? In this scene we have the immediate view of a generous money-lending Jew, because Shylock reviews all of the insults he has been subjected to and, still lends him the money. For example in Act1 Scene3, Shylock says: Shall I bend low, and in a bondmans key Fair sir, you spat on me you spurned me such a day, another time you called me a dog; and for these courtesies Ill lend you thus much money Antonio, still hasnt realised his mistake, and is still not grateful to Shylock, Antonio replies with rage: I am as like to call thee so again, to spit on thee again, to spurn on thee too. We feel sympathetic towards him, because he has faced misfortune throughout the play. Lorenzo, who is Antonio and Bassanios friend, eloped with Jessica. Jessica, was Shylocks only hope, he had no other family. Not only did Jessica run away with one of Shylocks enemies, she stole an absurd amount of money from her father. Solanio puts on an impression of Shylock in Act 2 Scene 8 he says: My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats We might think that Shylock here is more worried about his ducats than his daughter, but on the contrast, we also immediately have the anti-Semitism view because Solanio Salerio are Christians and they arent reliable witnesses because they hate Jews too. They use abusive language like: As the dog Jew They also use words such as: Confused, Strange and Variable, these words are unnatural Elizabethan language. Jessica steals Shylocks dead wifes ring and sells it for a monkey, when Shylock hears about this from Tubal he cries and says he wouldnt sell that ring for a forest of monkeys. Tubal says in Act 3 Scene 1: One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey Shylock replies: Out upon her, thou torturest me Tubal. It was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not given it for a wilderness of moneys. We know how much Shylock is sad because he says torturest which is a very effective word, and we are left with no other option besides feeling sympathy towards him. We then come to know about Antonios shipwreck, which raises tension. Before the court trial begins, we come to know that even the Duke is Anti-Semitic because his words are: Go one and call the Jew into the court Shylock still wants to pursue the bond and the Duke doesnt yet convince him. The reason Shylock gives for pursuing the bond is: If you deny it let the danger light, upon your charter (Line 38). He says that if you dont give me this bond, your law and government systems credibility will go down. Your charter will not mean anything. This is where we realise that Shylock has been forced into becoming a victim because of all the Anti-Semitic pressures faced upon him. At the court scene, Portia arrives as a lawyer in order to save Antonios life. Antonio helped make their wedding possible, so it is payback time. We also know from the beginning that even Portia is Anti-Semitic as she says in the trial scene: Which is the merchant here? And which the Jew? At the court the first thing Portia asks Shylock to do is to be merciful: Then must the Jew be merciful. Shylock replies: My deeds upon my head, I crave the law, the penalty and forfeit of my law Shylock demands that the justice should be fair. Portia tells Shylock that he is right in saying that justice should be served, but Shylock can only a pound of flesh. A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off Portia wanting to defeat Shylock for the last time says: Are there balance here to weigh The flesh Shylock replies with glee, because he realises that all the insults and brutality he has been subjected to will now end in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by. I have them ready Portia now realising that she has lost this time but not the next, she says: Have by some surgeon Shylock, on your charge, to stop his wounds lest he do bleed to death She says, in order to pursue your bond, you may remove his pound of flesh, but there should be a surgeon to prevent Antonio from bleeding to death. We feel even more sympathetic towards Shylock when he is [Aside] and says: These be the Christian husbands. I have a daughter- Shylock being extremely kind and compassionate to Portia, we begin to realise that Portia should stop discriminating Shylock by calling him a Jew. Shylock replies in these manners: Most rightful judge Most learned judge Portia finally humiliates Shylock in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by, by saying: Take then thy bond, take thou pound of flesh, But in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods He is told that he cannot spill even a drop of blood whilst taking the flesh out. Shylock couldnt get his initial bond, but still knowing that he is treated unfairly he asks for his principle bond: Shall I not have barely my principal? Without any mercy, Portia denies it again. Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture Portia then tells Shylock that he is an alien in Venice and he is not a citizen, therefore he his breaking the law by trying to take the life of a citizen: If it be proved against an alien, He seek the life of any citizen And due to that all of his money will go to Antonio and the Venetian state, also he can be executed on the Dukes will. Shall seize one half his goods, the other half The Duke pardons it and says: I pardon thy life before thou ask it. Antonio says that Shylock can keep the other half of his wealth, but at the same time forcing him into Christianity, and should leave all of his wealth to his treacherous daughter Jessica and Lorenzo. I am content- so he will let me have the other half in use-to render it upon his death unto the gentleman that lately stole his daughter. Two things provided more, that for this favour, he presently become a Christian, The other, that he do record a gift here in the court of all he dies possessed unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter Shylock has been treated inhumane in front of all of his enemies and at the end he is asked my Portia if he is happy. Shylock has no power, had no power, and has no free will and his life ruined forever. As such that Shylock prays for his leave, because he doesnt feel well. I pray you give me leave to go from hence, I am not well. Send the deed after me, and I will sign it At the end in Act 5 all the Christians are cheerful and they celebrate in Belmont. Concluding I would say that Shylock is mainly treated as a victim of the society he lives in. The society he lives in is to be blamed. Anti-Semitism existed 400 years ago and it was a very open issue. In the Elizabethan times Jews were not treated humane because Christian beliefs quote that the Jews killed Jesus Christ. We can also say that Shylock is a victim because he wanted to murder Antonio, but then, wasnt the Duke given the right to execute Shylock just because he wasnt a citizen and was pursuing a bond, which involved murder. We do not tend to realise how badly Shylock is treated, all we notice is how eagerly Shylock wants to murder Antonio. Shylock wants to murder Antonio for many reasons: Shylock wants to avenge Antonio, because it is he who treated him inhumane, it is he who subjected him to brutality and insults throughout his life, It was part of the bond that if Antonio loses his ships a pound of flesh will be promised to Shylock. Antonio over-confidently agreed to the bond, not knowing that over-confidence always makes you lose. At the end, the Christians won, because they were the majority and he was one, he couldnt say anything against the final decision.

Hunger in Haiti Essay Essays

Hunger in Haiti Essay Essays Hunger in Haiti Essay Essay Hunger in Haiti Essay Essay Abstraction Haiti is a little Caribbean state with serious hungriness job for many old ages. Even in 1980s. Haiti had advanced agribusiness and hungriness job was far from this state. However. the local wars and struggles happened in 1990s changed this. Agribusiness was disturbed and hunger job became more and more serious. It has been the cardinal job of Haitian development so Haitian authorities and international society have taken tonss of steps to better this state of affairs. The major international supports were from the US and some EU states. Plenty of informations and studies show that hunger population in Haiti has been reduced a batch. Haiti will be most likely to accomplish the Millennium Development Goal pronounced in 2000 by 2015. Hunger: the key job in Haitian developmentâ€Å" Civilization as it is known today could non hold evolved. nor can it last. without an equal nutrient supply† ( Borlaug. 1970 ) . However. the hungriness job troubles a one-fourth of the world’s population even in these old ages. The job of universe hungriness is serious and has affected economic development in many states. It is common cognition that nutrient is the first necessity of people. but to work out the job of feeding a population of about 6. 5 billion is a large challenge to the universe. Lindsay ( 2008 ) studies that nutrient is in short supply every twelvemonth because there is non plenty to fulfill people’s demand in the destitute states. However. nutrient security is the footing of the societal development in the universe. It is rather clear that a hungry state can non do great attempts to develop the economic system and better the life criterions of its people. For illustration. during the 3 old ages from 1959 to 1961. because of the nutrient defici t. China was wavering. virtually at a deadlock. and there was small economic growing and non much of a rise in the criterion of life. Therefore. work outing hungriness job is critical for universe but there are still many jobs demanding prompt solution in nutrient supplies in the universe. particularly in some less-developed states like Haiti. The Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) pronounced by the United Nations in 2000 called for the proportion of people who suffer from hungriness to be halved by 2015. This paper will discourse Haiti’s battle to cut down hungriness and explicate why this state can likely run into the MDG by 2015. Although many developing states experience hungriness jobs. Haiti’s nutrient crisis shows the relationship between nutrient and societal stableness. This state has suffered from an highly serious nutrient crisis these old ages. Plunkett ( 2000 ) studies that agribusiness accounted for 30 % of Haiti’s GDP. using two tierces of Haitian people before 1980s. However. after the armed struggles between Haitian opposing political cabals happened in 1990s. agribusiness was disrupted and hunger job became both a rural and an urban phenomenon in Haiti. More than half of entire population suffered from hungriness and the per centum of rural population was higher. about 65 % of people populating in countryside didn’t have adequate nutrient. Children were the population most hurt by this long-run and intractable job. One in three Haitian kids suffered malnutrition and one in eight died before the age of five as a consequence ( Plunkett. 2000 ) . It was a daze that so serious the Haitian hungriness job was before the new century. Because of its nutrient crisis. Haiti’s societal stableness has been badly affected. Harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . public violences have happened all over Haiti in past old ages and many people died in hunger-related public violences. Another study shows that a peaceable presentation turned into a violent incident in Port-au-Prince. the capital metropolis of Haiti ( Chatterjee. 2008 ) . Clearly. Haitian people have stored up discontent against their authorities due to the nutrient insecurity. At the same clip. unstable societal order and lawlessness soberly undermined Haiti’s economic system. which came to a deadlock. Harmonizing to Plunkett ( 2000 ) . the hungriness job caused depression in the market and the closing of industrial and commercial endeavors prevalent in 1990s in Haiti. The factors which caused this crisis are multiple. It is necessary to analyse the complicated factors before taking any steps to work out this job and aid Haiti achieve the MDG by 201 5. The long-run local wars at the terminal of last century had unfavourable impacts on grain production in Haiti so that the domestic supply of nutrient fell abruptly of demand. The lessening of rice production after wars besides caused Haitian people’s lower income straight so more than three quarters of the rural population lived below the poorness line by 2000. There was a dramatic addition in monetary value of stable nutrient and this caused devaluation in Haiti. To a certain extent. Haitian people’s purchase ability decreases because of their remarkably little income and the high nutrient monetary value. so they can non purchase plenty nutrient ( Gauthier. 2008 ) . Chatterjee ( 2008 ) points out that the inexpensive rice imported from the USA caused Haitian national rice production to plump. Because of advanced agricultural engineering. American rice has many advantages such as lower monetary value and higher nutrition. Large measures nutrient imports from the US in 1 990s after Haitian civil wars helped people have more nutrient but besides limited the national agribusiness growing in Haiti. Besides these. harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . the increasing demand of nutrient by local people and decreases in rice imports because of financess burden these old ages are besides the factors that can non be ignored. In response to the challenges of the nutrient crisis. the Haitian authorities has spared no attempt to assist hungry people have enough to eat since 2000. Harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . Haiti’s new authorities supports the modernisation of agricultural techniques and the Restoration of agricultural production. The authorities decides to open up more barren and the freshly reclaimed land is now conveying Forth big harvests. In state countries. authorities offers relief grain to the people who can non afford plenty nutrient ( Chatterjee. 2008 ) . The Haitian government’s attempts are effectual and have accomplished a batch but the authorities is short of financess to give hungry people support continually. so Haiti besides takes vigorous action to ad vance international cooperation in nutrient security. Chatterjee ( 2008 ) studies Haiti has late qualified for debt alleviation under the World Bank and International Monetary Fund’s Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative. and in the interim. many of Haiti’s creditor states. particularly some developed states. see a compassionate discharge because of Haitian domestic nutrient troubles. Apparently. international assistance plans from developed states and NGOs are of utmost importance to assist Haiti’s authorities. Harmonizing to Plunkett ( 2000 ) and Gauthier ( 2008 ) . Haitian nutrient crisis has improved significantly these old ages. the hungriness population has been reduced 32 % by 2007 and the good impulse is being maintained. To run into the MDG by 2015. attempts should be continued to win assistance plans from international organisations and developed states to assist Haitian people get equal nutrient in following old ages. Some international organisations such as the UN Food and Agriculture Organization can organize the world’s nutrient assistance to Haiti. But Haiti can non trust on foreign aid and they need to go autonomous in the hereafter. so the UN peacekeepers should play a bigger function in the societal stabilisation of Haiti so that a stable political can assist Haiti reconstruct its native agricultural production. Autonomy and autonomy are the cardinal ways to extinguish the hungriness job in Haiti. In decision. with the execution of different steps. an optimistic estimation suggests that the MDG will be achieved by 2015 in Haiti. Ample nutrient is the basic human right in this universe. The states all over the universe should fall in custodies to safeguard the nutrient security. MentionBorlaug. N. ( 1970 ) . The green revolution. peace and humanity. Nobel Lectures. The Nobel Peace Prize Institute. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1970/borlaug-lecture. html/ Chatterjee. P. ( 2008 ) . Haiti’s disregarded exigency. The Lancet. 372 ( 9639 ) . pp. 615 – 618. Retrieved on November 12. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thelancet. com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736 ( 08 ) 61259-3/ Gauthier. A. ( 2008 ) . Food crisis in Haiti: exposing cardinal jobs in the procedure of stabilisation. FRIDE Comment. 782 ( 45 ) . pp. 34-38. Retrieved on November 12. 2008. from PAIS International database. Lindsay. R. ( 2008 ) . Haiti on the ‘Death Plan’ : Dissenters decry high nutrient monetary values and the barbarian cost of neoliberalism. The Nation. 286 ( 21 ) . pp. 22-24. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from PAIS International database. Plunkett. D. ( 2 000 ) . Food security in Haiti: A instance survey comparing the nutrient security model of the Haitian authorities. the European Commission and the U. S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //pdf. usaid. gov/pdf_docs/PNACH663. pdf/

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business environment - Essay Example (HOLDEN, MATTHEWS & THOMPSON. 1995) In UK there are many businesses which export and import product internationally. There are big names in UK like Unilever, Barclays, HSBC, Tesco, Marks and Spencer etc who are involved in trading internationally. To emphasize on Marks and Spencer it is been one of the oldest British retailer selling clothes and luxury food products. It operates in 40 countries of the world and is a well known brand world wide. Due to its vast operations world wide M&S is a global competitor for many international clothing brands. This global coverage through international trade has led to expansion in manufacturing activities of M&S worldwide which have made it profitable by outsourcing its manufacturing activities easily in cheaper countries which have made it possible for the company to compete in international market on low cost and maintain its margins. Due to its international trade, M&S has also altered their products in accordance with the demand of internati onal market which have make the company deal with many types of commodities serving many markets worldwide. (COADE. 1997; BRUCE, MOORE & BIRTWISTLE. 2004) On the other hand Tesco is one of the largest retail chains in Britain which has grown steadily over time and has internationalized its operations throughout the world. The international trade pursued by Tesco has also benefited it in the similar ways; Tesco being a very strong player in the local market is able to use its brand successfully around the world and has gained next level recognition throughout the world. Due to internationalization its operations has expanded in many countries of the world like Malaysia, Czech Republic, Poland, USA etc. where it has achieved economies of scales resulting in lower operating costs and a better ability to compete internationally with lower prices. On the other hand international trading is extremely beneficial to Tesco’s financials that has become very significant in the group res ults of Tesco. Overseas trading accounts for 60% of Tesco’s total results and its makes up 20% of current trading profits, while most of the operations worldwide are either profitable or on breakeven and in many countries it is a market leader. Another advantage the international retailing of Tesco is that due to its operations in many markets, it overcomes or reduces its risks of failure. For e.g. Tesco has recently started operating in US and its still a loss making region. However this loss is compensated by the profits generated by the others regions which make Tesco a profitable group. International trade not only can result in cost saving but it also leads to international recognition, higher revenues and profits, dispersed risk which are all beneficial for the business as well as the UK economy. (FERNIE. 2005; SETH, & RANDALL. 2000) b) Analyse the impact of two global factors on two or more UK business organisations. Organisation operating worldwide and trading interna tionally faces much more difficulties as locally operated businesses. Due to the globalization Barclays faces different environmental conditions in geographic regions. Banking sector works closely with the laws and regulations. Like political factors legal factors mostly depend on local legislation and regulation. Risk management policies of Barclays will be in accordance to legislation. Legislative compliance should be incorporated in the over all strategy,