In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Essay Example

In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in Paper In my opinion Shylock has been presented as a victim but at times, he is made a villain because he has been treated so unequally that he has no other option besides applying the bond on Antonio. Society was very different 400 years ago. Shylock was living in the Elizabethan era, where anti-Semitism was very open. The majority of people at that time were Christians who were against Jews and treated them inhumane, because the Christians knew that it is the Jews who were responsible for the murder of Jesus Christ and they are still in the process of completely eliminating Christianity. Shylock was one of the many Jews who were subjected to brutality and insults throughout their lives. Shylock wasnt ever treated compassionately from the start, he wasnt considered as a human and we get to realise that when Shylock (in Act 3 Scene 1, Page 35, Line 54) asks Antonio: I am a Jew. Hath not a Jews eyes, hath not a Jews hands, organs dimensions, senses, affections, passions We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on In your opinion, is Shylock presented as a villain or a victim of the society he lives in specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Antonio has subjected Shylock to insults and inequality all his life, one instance is at the beginning when in Act 1 Scene 3, Shylock reviews what Antonio has said to him: And spit upon my Jewish gabardine You call me a misbeliever, cut-throat dog Hath a dog money, is it possible? In this scene we have the immediate view of a generous money-lending Jew, because Shylock reviews all of the insults he has been subjected to and, still lends him the money. For example in Act1 Scene3, Shylock says: Shall I bend low, and in a bondmans key Fair sir, you spat on me you spurned me such a day, another time you called me a dog; and for these courtesies Ill lend you thus much money Antonio, still hasnt realised his mistake, and is still not grateful to Shylock, Antonio replies with rage: I am as like to call thee so again, to spit on thee again, to spurn on thee too. We feel sympathetic towards him, because he has faced misfortune throughout the play. Lorenzo, who is Antonio and Bassanios friend, eloped with Jessica. Jessica, was Shylocks only hope, he had no other family. Not only did Jessica run away with one of Shylocks enemies, she stole an absurd amount of money from her father. Solanio puts on an impression of Shylock in Act 2 Scene 8 he says: My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats We might think that Shylock here is more worried about his ducats than his daughter, but on the contrast, we also immediately have the anti-Semitism view because Solanio Salerio are Christians and they arent reliable witnesses because they hate Jews too. They use abusive language like: As the dog Jew They also use words such as: Confused, Strange and Variable, these words are unnatural Elizabethan language. Jessica steals Shylocks dead wifes ring and sells it for a monkey, when Shylock hears about this from Tubal he cries and says he wouldnt sell that ring for a forest of monkeys. Tubal says in Act 3 Scene 1: One of them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for a monkey Shylock replies: Out upon her, thou torturest me Tubal. It was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not given it for a wilderness of moneys. We know how much Shylock is sad because he says torturest which is a very effective word, and we are left with no other option besides feeling sympathy towards him. We then come to know about Antonios shipwreck, which raises tension. Before the court trial begins, we come to know that even the Duke is Anti-Semitic because his words are: Go one and call the Jew into the court Shylock still wants to pursue the bond and the Duke doesnt yet convince him. The reason Shylock gives for pursuing the bond is: If you deny it let the danger light, upon your charter (Line 38). He says that if you dont give me this bond, your law and government systems credibility will go down. Your charter will not mean anything. This is where we realise that Shylock has been forced into becoming a victim because of all the Anti-Semitic pressures faced upon him. At the court scene, Portia arrives as a lawyer in order to save Antonios life. Antonio helped make their wedding possible, so it is payback time. We also know from the beginning that even Portia is Anti-Semitic as she says in the trial scene: Which is the merchant here? And which the Jew? At the court the first thing Portia asks Shylock to do is to be merciful: Then must the Jew be merciful. Shylock replies: My deeds upon my head, I crave the law, the penalty and forfeit of my law Shylock demands that the justice should be fair. Portia tells Shylock that he is right in saying that justice should be served, but Shylock can only a pound of flesh. A pound of flesh, to be by him cut off Portia wanting to defeat Shylock for the last time says: Are there balance here to weigh The flesh Shylock replies with glee, because he realises that all the insults and brutality he has been subjected to will now end in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by. I have them ready Portia now realising that she has lost this time but not the next, she says: Have by some surgeon Shylock, on your charge, to stop his wounds lest he do bleed to death She says, in order to pursue your bond, you may remove his pound of flesh, but there should be a surgeon to prevent Antonio from bleeding to death. We feel even more sympathetic towards Shylock when he is [Aside] and says: These be the Christian husbands. I have a daughter- Shylock being extremely kind and compassionate to Portia, we begin to realise that Portia should stop discriminating Shylock by calling him a Jew. Shylock replies in these manners: Most rightful judge Most learned judge Portia finally humiliates Shylock in front of all of his enemies he is surrounded by, by saying: Take then thy bond, take thou pound of flesh, But in the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods He is told that he cannot spill even a drop of blood whilst taking the flesh out. Shylock couldnt get his initial bond, but still knowing that he is treated unfairly he asks for his principle bond: Shall I not have barely my principal? Without any mercy, Portia denies it again. Thou shalt have nothing but the forfeiture Portia then tells Shylock that he is an alien in Venice and he is not a citizen, therefore he his breaking the law by trying to take the life of a citizen: If it be proved against an alien, He seek the life of any citizen And due to that all of his money will go to Antonio and the Venetian state, also he can be executed on the Dukes will. Shall seize one half his goods, the other half The Duke pardons it and says: I pardon thy life before thou ask it. Antonio says that Shylock can keep the other half of his wealth, but at the same time forcing him into Christianity, and should leave all of his wealth to his treacherous daughter Jessica and Lorenzo. I am content- so he will let me have the other half in use-to render it upon his death unto the gentleman that lately stole his daughter. Two things provided more, that for this favour, he presently become a Christian, The other, that he do record a gift here in the court of all he dies possessed unto his son Lorenzo and his daughter Shylock has been treated inhumane in front of all of his enemies and at the end he is asked my Portia if he is happy. Shylock has no power, had no power, and has no free will and his life ruined forever. As such that Shylock prays for his leave, because he doesnt feel well. I pray you give me leave to go from hence, I am not well. Send the deed after me, and I will sign it At the end in Act 5 all the Christians are cheerful and they celebrate in Belmont. Concluding I would say that Shylock is mainly treated as a victim of the society he lives in. The society he lives in is to be blamed. Anti-Semitism existed 400 years ago and it was a very open issue. In the Elizabethan times Jews were not treated humane because Christian beliefs quote that the Jews killed Jesus Christ. We can also say that Shylock is a victim because he wanted to murder Antonio, but then, wasnt the Duke given the right to execute Shylock just because he wasnt a citizen and was pursuing a bond, which involved murder. We do not tend to realise how badly Shylock is treated, all we notice is how eagerly Shylock wants to murder Antonio. Shylock wants to murder Antonio for many reasons: Shylock wants to avenge Antonio, because it is he who treated him inhumane, it is he who subjected him to brutality and insults throughout his life, It was part of the bond that if Antonio loses his ships a pound of flesh will be promised to Shylock. Antonio over-confidently agreed to the bond, not knowing that over-confidence always makes you lose. At the end, the Christians won, because they were the majority and he was one, he couldnt say anything against the final decision.

Hunger in Haiti Essay Essays

Hunger in Haiti Essay Essays Hunger in Haiti Essay Essay Hunger in Haiti Essay Essay Abstraction Haiti is a little Caribbean state with serious hungriness job for many old ages. Even in 1980s. Haiti had advanced agribusiness and hungriness job was far from this state. However. the local wars and struggles happened in 1990s changed this. Agribusiness was disturbed and hunger job became more and more serious. It has been the cardinal job of Haitian development so Haitian authorities and international society have taken tonss of steps to better this state of affairs. The major international supports were from the US and some EU states. Plenty of informations and studies show that hunger population in Haiti has been reduced a batch. Haiti will be most likely to accomplish the Millennium Development Goal pronounced in 2000 by 2015. Hunger: the key job in Haitian developmentâ€Å" Civilization as it is known today could non hold evolved. nor can it last. without an equal nutrient supply† ( Borlaug. 1970 ) . However. the hungriness job troubles a one-fourth of the world’s population even in these old ages. The job of universe hungriness is serious and has affected economic development in many states. It is common cognition that nutrient is the first necessity of people. but to work out the job of feeding a population of about 6. 5 billion is a large challenge to the universe. Lindsay ( 2008 ) studies that nutrient is in short supply every twelvemonth because there is non plenty to fulfill people’s demand in the destitute states. However. nutrient security is the footing of the societal development in the universe. It is rather clear that a hungry state can non do great attempts to develop the economic system and better the life criterions of its people. For illustration. during the 3 old ages from 1959 to 1961. because of the nutrient defici t. China was wavering. virtually at a deadlock. and there was small economic growing and non much of a rise in the criterion of life. Therefore. work outing hungriness job is critical for universe but there are still many jobs demanding prompt solution in nutrient supplies in the universe. particularly in some less-developed states like Haiti. The Millennium Development Goal ( MDG ) pronounced by the United Nations in 2000 called for the proportion of people who suffer from hungriness to be halved by 2015. This paper will discourse Haiti’s battle to cut down hungriness and explicate why this state can likely run into the MDG by 2015. Although many developing states experience hungriness jobs. Haiti’s nutrient crisis shows the relationship between nutrient and societal stableness. This state has suffered from an highly serious nutrient crisis these old ages. Plunkett ( 2000 ) studies that agribusiness accounted for 30 % of Haiti’s GDP. using two tierces of Haitian people before 1980s. However. after the armed struggles between Haitian opposing political cabals happened in 1990s. agribusiness was disrupted and hunger job became both a rural and an urban phenomenon in Haiti. More than half of entire population suffered from hungriness and the per centum of rural population was higher. about 65 % of people populating in countryside didn’t have adequate nutrient. Children were the population most hurt by this long-run and intractable job. One in three Haitian kids suffered malnutrition and one in eight died before the age of five as a consequence ( Plunkett. 2000 ) . It was a daze that so serious the Haitian hungriness job was before the new century. Because of its nutrient crisis. Haiti’s societal stableness has been badly affected. Harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . public violences have happened all over Haiti in past old ages and many people died in hunger-related public violences. Another study shows that a peaceable presentation turned into a violent incident in Port-au-Prince. the capital metropolis of Haiti ( Chatterjee. 2008 ) . Clearly. Haitian people have stored up discontent against their authorities due to the nutrient insecurity. At the same clip. unstable societal order and lawlessness soberly undermined Haiti’s economic system. which came to a deadlock. Harmonizing to Plunkett ( 2000 ) . the hungriness job caused depression in the market and the closing of industrial and commercial endeavors prevalent in 1990s in Haiti. The factors which caused this crisis are multiple. It is necessary to analyse the complicated factors before taking any steps to work out this job and aid Haiti achieve the MDG by 201 5. The long-run local wars at the terminal of last century had unfavourable impacts on grain production in Haiti so that the domestic supply of nutrient fell abruptly of demand. The lessening of rice production after wars besides caused Haitian people’s lower income straight so more than three quarters of the rural population lived below the poorness line by 2000. There was a dramatic addition in monetary value of stable nutrient and this caused devaluation in Haiti. To a certain extent. Haitian people’s purchase ability decreases because of their remarkably little income and the high nutrient monetary value. so they can non purchase plenty nutrient ( Gauthier. 2008 ) . Chatterjee ( 2008 ) points out that the inexpensive rice imported from the USA caused Haitian national rice production to plump. Because of advanced agricultural engineering. American rice has many advantages such as lower monetary value and higher nutrition. Large measures nutrient imports from the US in 1 990s after Haitian civil wars helped people have more nutrient but besides limited the national agribusiness growing in Haiti. Besides these. harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . the increasing demand of nutrient by local people and decreases in rice imports because of financess burden these old ages are besides the factors that can non be ignored. In response to the challenges of the nutrient crisis. the Haitian authorities has spared no attempt to assist hungry people have enough to eat since 2000. Harmonizing to Gauthier ( 2008 ) . Haiti’s new authorities supports the modernisation of agricultural techniques and the Restoration of agricultural production. The authorities decides to open up more barren and the freshly reclaimed land is now conveying Forth big harvests. In state countries. authorities offers relief grain to the people who can non afford plenty nutrient ( Chatterjee. 2008 ) . The Haitian government’s attempts are effectual and have accomplished a batch but the authorities is short of financess to give hungry people support continually. so Haiti besides takes vigorous action to ad vance international cooperation in nutrient security. Chatterjee ( 2008 ) studies Haiti has late qualified for debt alleviation under the World Bank and International Monetary Fund’s Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative. and in the interim. many of Haiti’s creditor states. particularly some developed states. see a compassionate discharge because of Haitian domestic nutrient troubles. Apparently. international assistance plans from developed states and NGOs are of utmost importance to assist Haiti’s authorities. Harmonizing to Plunkett ( 2000 ) and Gauthier ( 2008 ) . Haitian nutrient crisis has improved significantly these old ages. the hungriness population has been reduced 32 % by 2007 and the good impulse is being maintained. To run into the MDG by 2015. attempts should be continued to win assistance plans from international organisations and developed states to assist Haitian people get equal nutrient in following old ages. Some international organisations such as the UN Food and Agriculture Organization can organize the world’s nutrient assistance to Haiti. But Haiti can non trust on foreign aid and they need to go autonomous in the hereafter. so the UN peacekeepers should play a bigger function in the societal stabilisation of Haiti so that a stable political can assist Haiti reconstruct its native agricultural production. Autonomy and autonomy are the cardinal ways to extinguish the hungriness job in Haiti. In decision. with the execution of different steps. an optimistic estimation suggests that the MDG will be achieved by 2015 in Haiti. Ample nutrient is the basic human right in this universe. The states all over the universe should fall in custodies to safeguard the nutrient security. MentionBorlaug. N. ( 1970 ) . The green revolution. peace and humanity. Nobel Lectures. The Nobel Peace Prize Institute. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1970/borlaug-lecture. html/ Chatterjee. P. ( 2008 ) . Haiti’s disregarded exigency. The Lancet. 372 ( 9639 ) . pp. 615 – 618. Retrieved on November 12. 2008. from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thelancet. com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736 ( 08 ) 61259-3/ Gauthier. A. ( 2008 ) . Food crisis in Haiti: exposing cardinal jobs in the procedure of stabilisation. FRIDE Comment. 782 ( 45 ) . pp. 34-38. Retrieved on November 12. 2008. from PAIS International database. Lindsay. R. ( 2008 ) . Haiti on the ‘Death Plan’ : Dissenters decry high nutrient monetary values and the barbarian cost of neoliberalism. The Nation. 286 ( 21 ) . pp. 22-24. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from PAIS International database. Plunkett. D. ( 2 000 ) . Food security in Haiti: A instance survey comparing the nutrient security model of the Haitian authorities. the European Commission and the U. S. Agency for International Development. Retrieved on November 12. 2008 from hypertext transfer protocol: //pdf. usaid. gov/pdf_docs/PNACH663. pdf/

Business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Business environment - Essay Example (HOLDEN, MATTHEWS & THOMPSON. 1995) In UK there are many businesses which export and import product internationally. There are big names in UK like Unilever, Barclays, HSBC, Tesco, Marks and Spencer etc who are involved in trading internationally. To emphasize on Marks and Spencer it is been one of the oldest British retailer selling clothes and luxury food products. It operates in 40 countries of the world and is a well known brand world wide. Due to its vast operations world wide M&S is a global competitor for many international clothing brands. This global coverage through international trade has led to expansion in manufacturing activities of M&S worldwide which have made it profitable by outsourcing its manufacturing activities easily in cheaper countries which have made it possible for the company to compete in international market on low cost and maintain its margins. Due to its international trade, M&S has also altered their products in accordance with the demand of internati onal market which have make the company deal with many types of commodities serving many markets worldwide. (COADE. 1997; BRUCE, MOORE & BIRTWISTLE. 2004) On the other hand Tesco is one of the largest retail chains in Britain which has grown steadily over time and has internationalized its operations throughout the world. The international trade pursued by Tesco has also benefited it in the similar ways; Tesco being a very strong player in the local market is able to use its brand successfully around the world and has gained next level recognition throughout the world. Due to internationalization its operations has expanded in many countries of the world like Malaysia, Czech Republic, Poland, USA etc. where it has achieved economies of scales resulting in lower operating costs and a better ability to compete internationally with lower prices. On the other hand international trading is extremely beneficial to Tesco’s financials that has become very significant in the group res ults of Tesco. Overseas trading accounts for 60% of Tesco’s total results and its makes up 20% of current trading profits, while most of the operations worldwide are either profitable or on breakeven and in many countries it is a market leader. Another advantage the international retailing of Tesco is that due to its operations in many markets, it overcomes or reduces its risks of failure. For e.g. Tesco has recently started operating in US and its still a loss making region. However this loss is compensated by the profits generated by the others regions which make Tesco a profitable group. International trade not only can result in cost saving but it also leads to international recognition, higher revenues and profits, dispersed risk which are all beneficial for the business as well as the UK economy. (FERNIE. 2005; SETH, & RANDALL. 2000) b) Analyse the impact of two global factors on two or more UK business organisations. Organisation operating worldwide and trading interna tionally faces much more difficulties as locally operated businesses. Due to the globalization Barclays faces different environmental conditions in geographic regions. Banking sector works closely with the laws and regulations. Like political factors legal factors mostly depend on local legislation and regulation. Risk management policies of Barclays will be in accordance to legislation. Legislative compliance should be incorporated in the over all strategy,